A person can earn money online through many easy ways which include blogging ads and affiliate programs. But people are leaning on to another allegedly effective way of making money online known as eBook publishing.
Publishing these kinds of books considerably require minimal capital and effort not like the traditional paper-made books most people read. [...]]]>
A person can earn money online through many easy ways which include blogging ads and affiliate programs. But people are leaning on to another allegedly effective way of making money online known as eBook publishing.
Publishing these kinds of books considerably require minimal capital and effort not like the traditional paper-made books most people read. And with all of these handheld devices that has the ability to display eBooks emerging these days, eBooks has become a big part of everyone’s online money making agenda.
Types of eBooks that Sell
It is known for a fact that eBooks have a high demand nowadays. But it does not mean that all types of eBooks give that pocket-filling result. There are several types of high-demand eBooks that you can incorporate in your eBooks business to get your highly expected income.
• Problem Solving eBooks – these are the eBooks that basically solve a particular issue or problem. This is the type of eBook that most readers would love to buy because they are sure that their money is worth something and will solve a certain difficulty or problem.
• Tutorials or How-To eBooks – these are rampant these days and are pretty saleable. “How To xxxx” are the most attractive ones in the eBooks business. These are eBooks that teach something to readers. Usually, a compilation of tutorials in particular task.
• Tips or Innovation eBooks – these are the eBook types that intrigue the most among other types. Basically, it sells because of the curiosity it builds up among its readers. These eBooks are usually about newly discovered secrets, new tips or any innovative stuff.
Aspects of Irresistible eBooks
Now, after knowing the type of eBook to use, what are the things that come after? Honestly, writing an eBook that will be irresistible to buy depends on a few aspects:
• Deals with a specific niche – An eBook is effective if it talks about a particular niche or category. The more specific the eBook is; the better.
• Unique and fresh content – An eBook won’t sell that effectively if it is not unique or new; no matter how cool or great that eBook is. EBook publishing revolves around uniqueness and quality of the content because readers know when an eBook talks about something new or not.
• Provides corresponding sources – including the sources in an eBook is not only for readers’ ease but also for justifying the content of the eBook.
• Killer Title – this is crucial. The title gives the biggest reason why a reader should check an eBook out. A catchy, direct-to-the-point, intriguing and long title is a “two thumbs up” when it comes to eBooks.
• “Free Tastes” Prior to Release – An eBook marketer should consider providing trials or perhaps “free tastes” of the eBook. This will heighten the anticipation of the readers and give the readers a sneak peak of what is inside the eBook.
Making money from eBooks has indeed become a great option in online money making. You only need to know the important aspects of eBook writing and you are set to write eBooks that will sell.
Tags: ebook publishing, ebooks business, making money from ebooks
If you are searching for ways to help your business spread its ambit, you may be interested to build a social media marketing plan. You could use some of the proven techniques that others have found fruitful in successfully building social media marketing.
As with any other marketing, building social media marketing into a successful venture, [...]]]>
If you are searching for ways to help your business spread its ambit, you may be interested to build a social media marketing plan. You could use some of the proven techniques that others have found fruitful in successfully building social media marketing.
As with any other marketing, building social media marketing into a successful venture, deals with focusing on the two fundamental aspects of your business. This would essentially involve the product and the customer. The product or the service you are marketing must be exceptional, and you must enable your customers to spread the word about your product. This, in essence, what building social media marketing is about.
Exceptional service or product
When you provide an exceptional service or product to your customers, you are not only creating a top-notch experience for them, you are turning them into passionate customers. Whatever inspired you to set your service or your product apart from the others in the first place, is what you must focus on to build a social media marketing plan.
Use interesting content to engage your customers
When customers come to your shop, you are able to engage them in conversation, any offers you have and show them all your products. However, this same experience has to be taken beyond the four walls of your shop. You will need to share news, tips and other interesting information through e-mail marketing with your passionate customers, especially when they are physically not in your store.
Building social media marketing through e-mails has several advantages. On one hand, by giving you personal information like an e-mail address your customers demonstrate their faith in you. This builds a deeper bond between you and your customer, which can be further used to provide them with newsletters and other useful information. On the other hand, since e-mails are easily forwarded to acquaintances and friends, you have the scope of asking your passionate customers to spread your content further.
Passionate customers can help spread the word
Sending e-mails to your customers and asking them to forward it to their friends and acquaintances is one way of building social media marketing. However, there are others. Another way is to archive all your newsletters and contents online. This way, you could post links to your newsletters on different networking sites.
You would most likely have several blog posts at different places on the net. A single newsletter with an engaging content and links to your blogs would serve as a great way to build a social media marketing plan. Social media sites like Twitter can be used to prompt more people to sign up for the newsletter. Once the newsletter has been dispatched, customers could be engaged on Facebook for further discussions on the subject.
Casual acquaintances could be turned into passionate customers
When you give your customers something worthwhile to talk about, they are more likely to share it with their friends. This could include details about your new products, special deals, coupons and discounts, upcoming event news, community functions where you may be participating and offering special deals, prizes for contests, etc. You could use all this to build a social media marketing plan.
Tags: build a social media marketing plan, building social media marketing
When you post a video on your blog, share an article on Facebook or tweet particular news to your Twitter followers, you are actually doing something bigger than meets the eye. You are actually doing the basic definition of content curation!
What is Content Curation?
Content curation is basically sharing of content to your audience. [...]]]>
When you post a video on your blog, share an article on Facebook or tweet particular news to your Twitter followers, you are actually doing something bigger than meets the eye. You are actually doing the basic definition of content curation!
What is Content Curation?
Content curation is basically sharing of content to your audience. But this is no ordinary content. You should share the best, most appropriate, useful, helpful and informative content. This is why sharing content is the basic version of content curation definition.
What Do Content Curators Do?
Content curators act like a combination of a funnel and filter. A funnel because out of different niches, a curator gets a specific niche and personally picks the best and the most useful of all the content which makes them the filter. This then brings out curated content to their audience.
This is how it goes: content curator looks for good content from the web and various connections and shares, posts, sends the content to its rightful audience. Spoon-feeding? Well, it is that sort of thing, actually.
What Are its Benefits?
Once you become a full-pledged content curator, you acquire great benefits through your audience and the content your find out in the web.
• You get traffic from a certain niche. If you do curation properly, audience might consider you a one-stop information source about a certain category. Every time, a person needs something about that certain niche to work on, you automatically get into that person’s mind.
• Your reputation grows every time you provide high-quality content gets to your audience.
• You strengthen your audience’s belief on you.
• Other traffic-related benefits are also included including promotion, content distribution and also traffic-generated income.
Be a Content Curator
Being a content curator requires, not only a lot of skill, but specific traits that will make a person big on this field.
A content curator should be:
• Up-to-date – person should always be vigilant about the latest stuff on his/her niche. That person should be the first source of everything when it comes to the given niche.
• Passionate – remember, people don’t get paid on getting curated content (gains a lot of non-monetary benefits that could generate income though). It takes a lot of dedication to get all of that great content for your audience.
• An exciting writer – A content curator should create exciting headlines or lines so the content being delivered gets to more people.
• Knows a thing or two of how the internet works – social media, blogs, websites, forums, bookmarking, tagging, keywords and other important stuff. Basically, a curator should be able to utilize all the resources available.
• A bookworm – bookworm or “computer worm “, whatever you call it. A content curator should treat reading blogs, websites, articles and posts like it is breathing. Besides, this is the trait that will let a curator get all the best content for his/her audience.
Content curation is all about sharing the best things for your audience. This also helps a lot in different aspects in internet marketing and optimization.
People have become very appreciative of what the things contributed by social media in different aspects of their lives. But before everyone flocked to the log in pages of all notable social networking websites such as Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter, there was once a social networking site that created a wide impact on many online [...]]]>
People have become very appreciative of what the things contributed by social media in different aspects of their lives. But before everyone flocked to the log in pages of all notable social networking websites such as Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter, there was once a social networking site that created a wide impact on many online users’ lives… that is MySpace.
I can still remember the time when I created my account in MySpace. I considered it as a wonderful website of pure interaction and content sharing that no one ever thought Facebook could outpace. But today MySpace seems to have lost its glitter in the shadows of today’s social media giants such as the ones mentioned above.
What Happened to MySpace?
Well, basically, what happened is that the once “most visited social networking website” drastically lost its traffic. The decline of the number of its visitors and the emergence of more influential social networking sites made the once $580 million worth MySpace…obsolete. But can people expect a major MySpace comeback soon?
Struggle to Return Mainstream
We can say that many people have high expectations with this once-glorious website. However, because of the social media’s fast paced industry, it might have been tough for MySpace to cope up.
Since its drastic Facebook-caused slowdown in April 2008, the company started to shred its number of employees. The company also made massive efforts in renovating their design and platform. However, despite all of the efforts to go head-to-head with the emerging social networks, MySpace had to “rest” for a bit.
On the upper hand, MySpace had a major makeover after its sale to Specific Media, an advertising network, together with actor-singer, Justin Timberlake. According to the company’s chief operating officer, Chris Vanderhook, the website will be focusing on reinventing its ground on entertainment media experience.
This was showcased when the company released its new music player feature last December 2011. This showed the company’s clear goal in emphasizing its ground on the media and entertainment (music) industry. In fact, 1 million new users are recorded just last December of 2011 and are expected to rise this year.
Another milestone is the company’s partnership with Panasonic for MySpace TV. This is a feature that will allow users to share, comment and interact on television programs, videos and particularly music content. This shows that a MySpace comeback is indeed cooking.
What is Next to MySpace?
Well, aside from its deal with Panasonic with regards the MySpace TV, there are a lot to expect from this website. But better not to expect that MySpace owners and workers will be working their asses off to compete with Facebook. According to experts, MySpace is not a social network anymore but a social website focused on music and other media experience. It is more like a combination of social media and music. Therefore, its rivals will be Pandora, Rhapsody and Spotify.
MySpace have been through some rough times. But, by the way things look today; we can expect a massive MySpace comeback in the near future.
Social media has already been a part of our lives ever since the birth of MySpace, YouTube and Friendster. It has attached itself even more when Mark Zuckerburg created the $100 billion worth, social network site, Facebook in 2004. In fact, more and more social media websites are emerging like mushrooms in the internet. One [...]]]>
Social media has already been a part of our lives ever since the birth of MySpace, YouTube and Friendster. It has attached itself even more when Mark Zuckerburg created the $100 billion worth, social network site, Facebook in 2004. In fact, more and more social media websites are emerging like mushrooms in the internet. One of which is the cuddly website, Pinterest.
What is Pinterest?
If you haven’t heard of Pinterest yet, then perhaps you need to go out of your cave once in a while. Well, to put it simply, this website is all about photo-sharing with a” freedom/vision board” style. Users post their content as “pins” which other users can comment on and like.
This website has turned into a massive hit among photographers, graphic artists and even just people who likes to spend time viewing cute photos of cakes, babies (both baby humans and baby animals), food, clothing, art pieces and many more. Well, majority of its users belong to the feminine group. Now, you know why it is no surprise if I see it as “cuddly.”
The Trend of Pinning
Remember the old days when we tend to pin photos of our dreams in a square-corkboard and then hang it on our bedroom walls? Well, Pinterest makes you do that same thing today…only cooler!
Using this website is quite simple. All you have to do is pin everything on your board. If you use Facebook all the time, then you can use this website even without any need of the how-to-use manual. In fact, you can consider Pinterest as a simpler version of the Facebook; with only photos on your news feed.
Potential as a Marketing Tool
Social media has been a massive tool for marketing. This allows any social media website, such as Pinterest, with numerous users have a big potential in anyone’s marketing mix. However, what makes this website such a buzz in the marketing industry. The reason behind this is the exact reason for the growth of Pinterest. Here are some of the reasons why this website stands above others:
• It is easy to use. What more can I say? It even only took a few words to explain how this website works. “Just pin.”
• It is easy to share. Anyone can pin their content in this website and share them in other social networks.
• Organize and categorize pinned content. Businesses on a particular niche can efficiently use Pinterest by pinning content according to its categories. This helps greatly in cultivating brand reputation and exposure.
• Link to your websites and business pages. The content you pin in the website can be linked to your respective websites.
• Photos, particularly Pinterest content, can easily go viral.
The Future of Pinterest
Honestly, it is too early to tell what Pinterest will be in the future. But considering the growth it has achieved (e.g. 11.7 million unique users, Jan 2012); we can easily say that it can reach staggering heights anytime soon whether it is in the industry of social media and marketing.
Blogging is one of the most celebrated ways of marketing, making money and brand management. And one of the best ways of using blogs to improve a brand’s or a person’s reputation is through writing guest posts.
Benefits of Guest Posting
Guest post writing is rampant between many blogs these days. Posting as a guest in [...]]]>
Blogging is one of the most celebrated ways of marketing, making money and brand management. And one of the best ways of using blogs to improve a brand’s or a person’s reputation is through writing guest posts.
Benefits of Guest Posting
Guest post writing is rampant between many blogs these days. Posting as a guest in another blog or website entails a lot of benefits to your blog. Here is a list of the benefits:
• Free advertising at its best
• You get traffic from the other blogs’ loyal readers
• Improves brand, blog or personal reputation
• Creates a significant relationship between other blog owners
• Improves the quality of your writing or content
Well, you don’t think that these are all the benefits of writing guest posts, right? In fact, there are much more to this that will benefit both guest blogger and blog owner. Now, it is time to ask the main question. How can you write a successful guest post?
Research about the Blog’s Niche
Your research will give you the idea of what topic should suit the blog and its audience. A successful guest post is relevant to the blog, informative and entertaining. Researching about the blog also allows you to know how you will do your approach as a guest writer.
Tell Them Who You Are
Of course, you need to introduce yourself in a very creative manner. You have to tell the blog readers who you are and why you are writing guest post in that particular blog. Incorporate your jokey side in your post. Trust me. Sense of humor makes it easier for strangers to accept you.
Develop the Best Content Ever
For a successful guest post, you should use all the skills you have to make it the best. This will not just get you a considerable amount of traffic but also will make the blog owner want most guest posts from you. However, remember these few things along the way:
• Use the proper keywords and links. You don’t want the readers to think that you are guest posting just to advertise and put links everywhere.
• Dare to put your name and blog link in the post.
• Make content that has the 3 I’s: irresistible, intriguing and interesting.
Encourage Reactions and Respond
Encouraging reactions and feedback will give the readers a feeling of acceptance from you. Besides, be thankful if the readers send you some feedback; whether positive or negative. This will help you improve your writing or signify that you have done well in their blog and posted a successful guest post.
Feel free to put your contact details, social network accounts such as Facebook and Twitter or perhaps your RSS subscription link. Make sure that you give them plenty of reasons to check your blog out, though.
To achieve a successful guest post, you need to make sure that your goals are clear and you have planned it carefully. To help you out, you can have this article as a basis for your next guest posting.
Why reality TV celebrities’ endorsements should not be the only advertising channel
Popular opinion often advances the use of celebrity endorsement as a reliable and effective but simple way of advertising. Recent studies sought to find out whether celebrities are worth the significant brand investment. The studies found that the majority of reality TV celebrities endorsed [...]]]>
Why reality TV celebrities’ endorsements should not be the only advertising channel
Popular opinion often advances the use of celebrity endorsement as a reliable and effective but simple way of advertising. Recent studies sought to find out whether celebrities are worth the significant brand investment. The studies found that the majority of reality TV celebrities endorsed brands barely made it to break even or performed below average. Although the advertisement campaigns yielded a positive response from celebrity fans ultimately leading to greater sales, the response was short lived.
The studies revealed that apart from being expensive, the reality TV celebrities’ endorsements were largely ineffective, yielding far less than popular wisdom promises. In several instances, the brand had lost the commitment of the target audience as a result of negative publicity attributed to the image, conduct and behavior of the endorser.
The lifespan of brands endorsed by celebrities often survive the short term because most of the celebrities who choose to endorse competitor brands or quite different products once the contract lapses. By doing so, they transfer the target audience shift their allegiance.
Furthermore, the life span of reality TV brands is short because they are based on the endorsers successful career which is often short lived. Like athletes, their success is based on how long they retain their leading role in an increasingly competitive and growing industry. Furthermore, the brands life span is often challenged when businesses seek to engage the reality TV celebrities’ endorsement as the only channel of marketing the brand. Brands that have benefited from celebrity endorsements are those which engage the process as one of the channels contrary to the only channel of advertising.
Efforts geared towards enhancing the brand’s lifespan:
Before a company chooses to engage a celebrity to endorse the company’s brand, it is very important for the business to ascertain whether celebrity fulfils the basic prerequisites namely attractive, positive image and knowledgeable. Although it might prove challenging to find a celebrity who fulfills all these requirements, the company can consider choosing the celebrity based on one or two qualities it seeks to emphasize.
The life span of reality TV brands can be enhanced by companies seeking for a long term commitment. A long term commitment introduces a consistent and positive attitude toward the brand. As a result, the target audience will seek to be associated with the product in the long run. It is recommended that businesses draft the celebrity endorsement carefully while taking into consideration potential negative publicity; the business will not have to endure the endorser in light of unfolding negative events.
Therefore, it is advisable for companies to approach the celebrity endorsements as strategic investments affecting the life of the brand. Therefore, companies should take the initiative of monitoring on a continuous basis the public image, conduct and behavior of the endorser in order to minimize possible negative publicity.
The ability of the target audience to match the brand with reality TV celebrities generates an endorsement with a strong influence. The life span of reality TV brands can be enhanced when a strong positive perception is created.
The internet has become a big part of every person’s lifestyle. It has opened doors for better communication, education, interaction, product purchases, sales, marketing and even entertainment. In fact, you can do all sorts of things in the internet including watching your favorite sports games, TV shows and the likes. This made way for internet [...]]]>
The internet has become a big part of every person’s lifestyle. It has opened doors for better communication, education, interaction, product purchases, sales, marketing and even entertainment. In fact, you can do all sorts of things in the internet including watching your favorite sports games, TV shows and the likes. This made way for internet TV to be a part of the whole internet experience of most people particularly the younger population.
The youths and television before are actually inseparable. Years ago, it is a hard task to get kids off the front of the television. But, these days, the youth are leaning towards various platforms and tools in watching videos or shows of their liking and the television set seems to be not included in the list. What could be the things that are taking the youth’s eyes off the television screen?
Internet Television Applications
The youth, people from ages 12-34, are spending more hours in front of the computer than in front of the television. But it does not mean that just because they are not in front of the TV they won’t be able to watch their favorite TV programs. This is where internet TV is being used. Basically, the term itself implies that it is television in the internet. There are various applications that the youth can use to watch TV programs through internet streaming. In fact, they can also watch movies in various internet websites and applications.
YouTube – Video Sharing and Streaming
YouTube is a social media site which is a platform for sharing videos. Surprisingly, there is no one from the youth group who does not know YouTube. YouTube has become a one-stop website for video search and sharing. This could be considered as a form of social TV. The website is gaining about 4 billion video views each day and a whopping 35 hours’ worth of video uploads every minute which provides YouTube users unlimited hours of video watching.
YouTube video uploads include funny videos, TV programs, news, amateur videos, educational videos, how-to videos, gaming videos, movie trailers and many more; everything just clicks away.
Mobile Television and Gadgets
Other than the computer, the youth are all about handheld gadgets such as tablet PC’s and smartphones. This is another way that takes youth off the TV screens. Perhaps, a tablet PC is a good example of mobile television. With these gadgets, people are able to watch TV programs through internet connection and other modern applications. It is very much possible that the youth will be watching everything from their mobile gadgets.
The youth is certainly setting the standards in the society nowadays. In fact, the youth composes the higher percentage of gadget and internet use. Not to mention the number of young people who knows how to use the internet. Actually, knowing how the internet works does not require a certain age. Younger kids now know how to use the internet which even makes this more interesting. Youths and television nowadays have changed and created a way for newer technologies to exist.
How can you best use social media sites like Google+? This is a natural question when businesses are flocking to different social media sites in search for experiences. However, this is the time to formulate your strategies for the best social media marketing plans. Although the tips for social media marketing plan cannot be a [...]]]>
How can you best use social media sites like Google+? This is a natural question when businesses are flocking to different social media sites in search for experiences. However, this is the time to formulate your strategies for the best social media marketing plans. Although the tips for social media marketing plan cannot be a one-strategy-fits-all type, they must be general enough to work in most situations and bring in results.
Therefore, start with a concrete strategy for your brand for Google+. Although it may be early, it is never too early to start plotting your chart for the best social media marketing plans for Google+. Some of the tips for social media marketing plan are given here.
1. Research your community
Get your key brand influencers to go active on Google+, if they are not already there. Unless you can find your key influencers on the platform, it may not bring you much in the way of returns. It is much like entering a room crowded with talking people and shouting your message, with the hope that someone will be there to listen to you.
2. Practice what you preach
Instead of sitting around the table and debating about the best social media marketing plans, engagement strategy, or social ROI, it is best to get yourself immersed in the Google+ community to learn the different ways that make them tick. That way, you will gain the first-hand information of how things are different in Google+, as compared to the other social media networks.
3. Try creating your own community strategy
When you are looking for the best social media marketing plans to use on Google+, you will need to put up a strategy which will be able to answer some of the questions like -
What could be the different ways to communicate on Google+? Can it handle contests, paid ads, promotions, updates, posts and other content?
What makes this channel different from other social media channels such as Twitter, Facebook, Orkut, etc.?
What types of visitors come to Google+, and what are they looking for. Is the conversation on Google+ different from what takes place on Twitter, or Facebook?
4. Decide what success means to you
Determine what parameters you can measure on Google+. Your tips for social media marketing plan should include a set of metrics, which will let you gauge where your plans are standing. Therefore, make a list of what you think is important for measuring the success of your best social media marketing plans. These could include number of shares, comments, clicks, or fans.
5. Plan your roll out
At this moment, brands are not yet being allowed on Google+. However, they eventually will be allowed, and it is best to be ready with all the machinery at your disposal. In the meantime, get your acquaintances and well-wishers on the Google+ platform. Simple invites will work well, and this can form the basis of your current social media interaction on the present channels.
Hobbyist, comedian, writer, advisor or even just an attention seeker; a blogger can be anyone of them. But there is no denying of the fact that bloggers can be businessmen too, you know. Bloggers definitely have plenty of ideas to make money from blogging. Well, bloggers can give you a hundred of ideas but let [...]]]>
Hobbyist, comedian, writer, advisor or even just an attention seeker; a blogger can be anyone of them. But there is no denying of the fact that bloggers can be businessmen too, you know. Bloggers definitely have plenty of ideas to make money from blogging. Well, bloggers can give you a hundred of ideas but let us settle with ten for now.
Add some Ads
Let’s face it, this is the most common and basic among all the ideas that bloggers can think of – ads! Well, there is nothing wrong about it and it does generate income. Just look at how Facebook is doing. Did you know that Facebook remains free-to-use because of the ads they publish in their website? Having 800 million members is pretty neat, actually. That leads us to the second idea…
Put Great Content in it
Be honest. You won’t go back looking inside the fridge if you know there’s no ice cream or chocolate in there, right? The same goes with your blog’s readers. Once they feel that there is nothing special about your blog, you are out of the game. Make fresh, high-quality, unique content that would make everyone visit your blog every day. This is one of the most effective ideas for money blogging.
Sell Stuff
Try making eBooks, video tutorials, books or coaching services and offer them in your blog. This also comes in handy if you create great content that makes your readers ask you to make other stuff. Take it to your advantage. Put some price tags on your talent, dude!
Sell Other’s Stuff
What other idea can give you profit aside from selling? Use affiliate programs to your advantage. Post affiliate links in your articles, your contents, you blog pages but don’t overdo it. Or else, you are committing suicide.
Sell Yourself
Don’t take this literally, though! If you are a professional, you can use your blog as your portfolio which employers can check out. This is handy when it comes to freelance work. Just make sure you post sensible content, though.
Study! Study! Study!
Do you think a swimmer will win gold in the Olympics if he/she doesn’t know how to swim? I think not. You should know what you are doing in order to excel in it. In this case, learn blogging platforms; learn basic programming, SEO, types of links, search engines, page ranks, social bookmarking, advertising and everything about blogging. Knowing all about this industry gives you plenty of ideas to make money from blogging.
Work! Work! Work!
Great income is a product of hard work. You know this. If you don’t then I guess you haven’t worked that hard in your life yet.
Plan! Plan! Plan!
Man’s first landing on the moon – that is a well-planned event which is why it went so well and made history. Same goes with blogging. You have to plan these:
• Niche/ Type of blog
• Daily/Weekly/Monthly/Annual accomplishments
• Resources
• Tools
• Full-time or part-time?
The last two are self-explanatory. Be serious and do not stop. Your blog needs your passion and your patience. If you are not patient enough, you would stop right on the spot when the tough gets going. Just continue and love your work and that’s all you need. Besides, there are eight more ideas to make money from blogging found in this article.